<p><section><p style="text-align:center;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="23887" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><section style="margin:10px 0px;"><section style="width:70%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" data-width="70%"><br></section></section></section></section><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 24px;font-family:微软雅黑;">聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;">一、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;font-family:微软雅黑;">什么是聚氨酯？</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">聚氨酯在我们日常生活中相对来说比较常见，应用的领域也相对广泛，除了我们这个防水行业外，胶黏剂，地坪均有广泛的应用。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">应该</span>80<span style="font-family:宋体;">后都听过一个词 叫人造皮或者人造革 或者</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">PU &nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">这就是聚氨酯</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;">二、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;font-family:微软雅黑;">什么是聚氨酯防水涂料？</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">说的专业些：</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯、聚醚等经加成聚合反应而成的含异氰酸酯基的预聚体，然后与特定的固化剂反应而成的一种防水涂料。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">说的通俗些：</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">是由</span>A<span style="font-family:宋体;">料和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">料按比例混合发生化学反应生成的一种防水涂料</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;font-family:微软雅黑;">三、聚氨酯防水涂料的发展</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">聚氨酯防水涂料在</span>60<span style="font-family:宋体;">年代，在欧美、日本等国家发展起来的一种新型防水涂料，美国最早使用，随后加拿大，中东等地逐步进行推广。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">我国</span>70<span style="font-family:宋体;">年代，开始引入聚氨酯防水涂料，</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">90</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">年代得到快速发展，逐步成为防水涂料中用量最大产品。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;">四、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;font-family:微软雅黑;">聚氨酯防水涂料的分类</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第一种分类方法：</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">按聚氨酯的发展过程分为四类，这四类也代表这聚氨酯防水涂料不断更新升级的过程，也从侧面上反应了人们对防涂料的需求点的变化：</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第一代：焦油型聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">顾名思义</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;">，该种类型的聚氨酯防水涂料里面含有大量的焦油，焦油是炼焦、煤气的工业副产物，其中含有大量的萘、酚等对身体和环境有害的物质。因此现在已经禁止使用</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第二代：沥青型聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">该类型属于焦油型被淘汰后的一种过渡产品，核心问题的沥青多采用石油沥青（当然也有使用煤沥青的），而石油沥青同聚氨酯的相容性并不是很理想，因此在使用过程中容易出现相应的问题。同时环保性上，虽然相比焦油型有了明显提高，但是仍无法满足市场逐渐升级的需求。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第三代：彩色型聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">无论是焦油型还是沥青型，由于焦油和沥青均为黑色粘稠物质，因此生产出来的聚氨酯防水涂料均为黑色，无法生产出其他颜色的聚氨酯涂料。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">而到了第三代：环保型聚氨酯防水涂料中无焦油和沥青，是由无机填料和聚醚聚氨酯组成，因此其产品的颜色由颜料和树脂本身的颜色决定，因此可以调配出不同颜色的聚氨酯防水涂料，而市面上现在较为常见的颜色有：蓝色，红色，白色。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">彩色型聚氨酯防水涂料除了多彩以外，由于其不含溶剂，固含量以及环保性都有了大幅的提高，同时解决了第二代产品所存在的弊端（沥青和聚氨酯不相容的问题）。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第四代：环保型聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">由于聚氨酯防水涂料生产过程中的原材料的问题（甲苯二异氰酸酯属于剧毒原料），聚氨酯的环保性一直受到行业的质疑。原有的聚氨酯防水涂料的标准（</span>GB/T19250-2003<span style="font-family:宋体;">）并没有对环保指标进行规定，但是在更新的标准（</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">GB/T19250-2015</span><span style="font-family:宋体;">）上加入了有机挥发物含量的规定，这说明聚氨酯防水涂料的环保性已经成为大家关注的重要一项指标。</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">虽然聚氨酯的部分原料含有毒性，但是聚氨酯在生产过程中是需要经过化学反应的，同聚合物水泥防水涂料的生产是完全不同的（聚合物水泥防水涂料的生产属于物理混合过程）。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">经过化学反应，原有的原材料的毒性部分已经被反应掉。因此通过工艺的设计，配方的优化，完全可以做出环保性的聚氨酯防水涂料。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第二种分类方法：</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">按照组成分类：</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第一：双组份聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">这是市场中普遍最常见的一类，由主料和固化剂组成，使用的时候按比例混合均匀。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">第二：单组份聚氨酯防水涂料</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">单组份聚氨酯防水涂料又分成两种：水固化和湿固化</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">水固化是施工过程中需要加入一定比例的水，水是聚氨酯固化剂的一种</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">湿固化是主料（预聚体）通过和空气中的水分发生反应</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">因此湿固化聚氨酯防水涂料对空气中的水分的多少直接影响了聚氨酯成膜的质量的好坏，相对较难控制，同时湿固化聚氨酯一旦开桶要一次用完，如果用不完，剩下的料会和空气中的水分发生反应固化而无法使用。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑;font-weight:bold;font-size:19px;">五、</span><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 19px;font-family:微软雅黑;">聚氨酯防水涂料的常见问题</span></strong></p><p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">问题一：桶底有沉淀</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">这是产品在储存的时候经常出现的问题，通常这种沉淀有两种类型：</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">第一种类型属于无法再次搅拌开的</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">第二种类型属于经过搅拌可以再次搅拌开的，这种叫做软沉淀</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;">一般情况下</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;">第二种类型的最为常见，这种软沉淀对产品的质量并无太大影响，但是还是有方法可以解决这种软沉淀的问题，有过市场或者现场经验的人，都会发现一个现象，聚氨酯防水涂料在店里或者仓库摆放的时候是倒着放的，我相信大家有看到过这种现象。</span></span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">这就是一种解决软沉淀的有效方法而且是实践出来的方法。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">具体方法：</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">在使用聚氨酯防水涂料前的两三天的时候将材料倒着放，并且使用前滚动个几分钟，这种软沉淀自然就小时了。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;line-height: 150%;font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体;">问题二：涂刷在基层表面出现起鼓，气泡的现象</span></strong></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">该问题的产生核心在于基层的含水率上，绝大部分是因为基层的含水率过高导致涂膜干燥后，当气温升高，基层中的水分变成水蒸气向外跑，将聚氨酯涂膜顶起出现气泡和起鼓的现象。这里面提到的是基层含水率，这一点很关键，有些师傅在使用聚氨酯的时候也会很谨慎，等到基层表面很干燥的时候施工，但是仍会出现起鼓和气泡的现象。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">其实基层表面干燥了并不代表基层内部不含水，往往表面干燥了但是基层内部仍存在很多水分。这些看不见的水分也会导致起鼓气泡的现象。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">而基层的含水率目前并没有科学的检测方法来测定什么样的含水率是符合聚氨酯防水涂料的施工要求的。但是经验丰富的人仍有很多自己的方法来测定基层的含水率。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">例如将塑料膜盖在基层表面，看是否有水出现在塑料膜上等等。</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:宋体;">聚氨酯防水涂料作为一款性能优异的产品，在整个防水材料的发展中占有非常重要的位置，未来的几年中仍然是用量最大的防水涂料。而且随着其不断升级更是拓宽了其使用范围。</span></p><p><br></p></section><br></p>